Abstract Introduction Glycemic control is important to avoid diabetes complications in individuals with cancer. There is no evidence for HbA1c and fructosamine as reliable biomarkers in these conditions. There are particularities in caring for patients with diabetes and cancer that can alter these biomarkers. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate HbA1c and fructosamine as glycemic biomarkers in people with type 2 diabetes and cancer, undergoing clinical or surgical oncological treatment. Methods The authors conducted a single-center, retrospective analysis with people who have cancer and diabetes. Comparison of glycemic biomarkers (HbA1c, fructosamine, and Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose [SMBG]) was performed including evaluation in individuals undergoing chemotherapy, using glucocorticoids, with anemia, hypoproteinemia or with reduced estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR). Results There was a strong positive correlation between fructosamine and HbA1c (n = 318, r= 0.66, p < 0.001) in people with diabetes and cancer even in those under chemotherapy (n = 101, r= 0.61, p < 0.001) or using glucocorticoids (n = 96, r= 0.67, p<0.001). There was a strong correlation between HbA1c and fructosamine in subjects with anemia (n = 111, r= 0.66, p < 0.001), hypoproteinemia (n = 54, r= 0.67, p < 0.001), or with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 189, r= 0.70, p < 0.001), and moderate correlation with hypoalbuminemia (n = 21, r= 0.54, p = 0.001) and with reduced eGFR (n = 67, r= 0.57, p < 0.001). The correlations between fructosamine and HbA1c with SMBG were moderate (n = 164, r= 0.49, p < 0.001; n = 111, r= 0.55, p < 0.001, respectively), strong in subjects undergoing chemotherapy, with hypoalbuminemia or hypoproteinemia, and at least moderate, if eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or with anemia. Conclusions Fructosamine and HbA1c can be used as glycemic biomarkers in people with diabetes and cancer, even in those with anemia, hypoproteinemia, or undergoing chemotherapy.

ABSTRACT. Chickpea is a legume with nutrient-rich grains important for human feeding. Tobacco budworm, Chloridea virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most major pests of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Brazil. This pest damages leaves, flowers, pods, and grains. Plant resistance to insects is an important tactic of pest management, which usually facilitates and reduce costs of implementing an Integrated Pest Management for farmers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the resistance in chickpea cultivars to C. virescens. Six chickpea cultivars were evaluated for antixenosis, initial antibiotic parameters, and behavior under field conditions. The cultivars BRS Kalifa and BRS Cícero were less attractive in a free-choice test, while Jamu 96 and BRS Kalifa were less attractive in a no-choice test. BRS Kalifa and BRS Toro leaves had a higher trichome density. Jamu 96 and BRS Toro had higher contents of oxalic and malic acids. C. virescens larvae in BRS Cícero, BRS Toro, and BRS Kalifa showed the lowest weights. Jamu 96 pods were the least damaged, and BRS Aleppo and Jamu 96 had the highest yields. The chickpea cultivars Jamu 96 and BRS Aleppo, which had resistance levels and mechanisms, can be used in integrated pest management programs to control C. virescens.

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the temporal trend and spatial distribution of the incidence rate of dengue cases in Paraná and its regions between 2012 to 2021 and investigate associated sociodemographic and environmental variables. Methods: Ecological study with temporal and spatial analysis of the dengue incidence rate reported in the Disease and Notification Information System (SINAN) in the period 2012 to 2021 and investigation of sociodemographic and environmental variables. To identify differences between municipal incidence rates the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons were used. Prais-Winsten regression was used for temporal trend analysis and for spatial analysis the univariate and bivariate Local Moran analysis were applied. Results: 548,683 cases of dengue were confirmed in the period, the highest state incidence rate was observed in 2020, with 15 health regions presenting more than 500 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Higher incidences were observed among women, age group of 20-59 years and white color/race. Despite annual variations, a stationary trend was observed for incidence rates according to sex, age group, color/race and macro-region. More than half of the municipalities in Paraná formed spatial clusters (Moran’s I=0.679), where 73 (18.3%) municipalities with high incidence rate formed clusters. High-High clusters of dengue incidence rate with urbanization and High-Low clusters of incidence rate with vegetation cover were observed. Conclusion: Sociodemographic and environmental determinants were related to the high incidence rates of dengue and heterogeneous spatial distribution in the state of Paraná, indicating the need to strengthen health surveillance actions.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal e a distribuição espacial da taxa de incidência de casos de dengue no Paraná e suas regiões entre 2012 e 2021 e investigar variáveis sociodemográficas e ambientais associadas. Métodos: Estudo ecológico com análises temporais e espaciais da taxa de incidência da dengue registrada no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, de 2012 e 2021, e investigação de variáveis sociodemográficas e ambientais. Para analisar as taxas de incidência municipais foram utilizados os testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis, seguidos do teste de Dunn para múltiplas comparações. Utilizou-se para análise da tendência temporal a regressão de Prais-Winsten, e para a análise espacial, o índice de Moran Local univariado e bivariado. Resultados: Foram confirmados 548.683 casos de dengue no período, apresentando a maior taxa de incidência estadual em 2020, com 15 regionais de saúde registrando mais de 500 casos/100 mil habitantes. Maiores incidências ficaram entre mulheres, faixa etária de 20-59 anos e cor/raça branca. Apesar de variações anuais, observou-se tendência estacionária para incidência segundo sexo, faixa etária, cor e macrorregião. Mais da metade dos municípios paranaenses formou aglomerados espaciais (Moran’s 1=0,679) — 73 (18,3%) municípios com alta taxa de incidência formaram agrupamentos. Foram identificados agrupamentos da taxa de incidência da dengue com o grau de urbanização (alto-alto) e com o percentual de cobertura vegetal natural (alto-baixa). Conclusão: Determinantes sociodemográficos e ambientais relacionaram-se com as altas taxas de incidência da dengue e com a distribuição espacial heterogênea no estado do Paraná, indicando a necessidade do fortalecimento das ações de vigilância em saúde.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal e a distribuição espacial da taxa de incidência de casos de dengue no Paraná e suas regiões entre 2012 e 2021 e investigar variáveis sociodemográficas e ambientais associadas. Métodos: Estudo ecológico com análises temporais e espaciais da taxa de incidência da dengue registrada no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, de 2012 e 2021, e investigação de variáveis sociodemográficas e ambientais. Para analisar as taxas de incidência municipais foram utilizados os testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis, seguidos do teste de Dunn para múltiplas comparações. Utilizou-se para análise da tendência temporal a regressão de Prais-Winsten, e para a análise espacial, o índice de Moran Local univariado e bivariado. Resultados: Foram confirmados 548.683 casos de dengue no período, apresentando a maior taxa de incidência estadual em 2020, com 15 regionais de saúde registrando mais de 500 casos/100 mil habitantes. Maiores incidências ficaram entre mulheres, faixa etária de 20-59 anos e cor/raça branca. Apesar de variações anuais, observou-se tendência estacionária para incidência segundo sexo, faixa etária, cor e macrorregião. Mais da metade dos municípios paranaenses formou aglomerados espaciais (Moran’s 1=0,679) — 73 (18,3%) municípios com alta taxa de incidência formaram agrupamentos. Foram identificados agrupamentos da taxa de incidência da dengue com o grau de urbanização (alto-alto) e com o percentual de cobertura vegetal natural (alto-baixa). Conclusão: Determinantes sociodemográficos e ambientais relacionaram-se com as altas taxas de incidência da dengue e com a distribuição espacial heterogênea no estado do Paraná, indicando a necessidade do fortalecimento das ações de vigilância em saúde.

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the temporal trend and spatial distribution of the incidence rate of dengue cases in Paraná and its regions between 2012 to 2021 and investigate associated sociodemographic and environmental variables. Methods: Ecological study with temporal and spatial analysis of the dengue incidence rate reported in the Disease and Notification Information System (SINAN) in the period 2012 to 2021 and investigation of sociodemographic and environmental variables. To identify differences between municipal incidence rates the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons were used. Prais-Winsten regression was used for temporal trend analysis and for spatial analysis the univariate and bivariate Local Moran analysis were applied. Results: 548,683 cases of dengue were confirmed in the period, the highest state incidence rate was observed in 2020, with 15 health regions presenting more than 500 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Higher incidences were observed among women, age group of 20-59 years and white color/race. Despite annual variations, a stationary trend was observed for incidence rates according to sex, age group, color/race and macro-region. More than half of the municipalities in Paraná formed spatial clusters (Moran’s I=0.679), where 73 (18.3%) municipalities with high incidence rate formed clusters. High-High clusters of dengue incidence rate with urbanization and High-Low clusters of incidence rate with vegetation cover were observed. Conclusion: Sociodemographic and environmental determinants were related to the high incidence rates of dengue and heterogeneous spatial distribution in the state of Paraná, indicating the need to strengthen health surveillance actions.

ABSTRACT The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important rice pest which consumes leaf area during all phases of plant development. The objective of this study was to identify rice genotypes that provide antixenosis and antibiosis to fall armyworm. Antixenosis was investigated by measuring non-preference in free-choice and no-choice tests while antibiosis was determined by measuring biological parameters and nutritional indices of S. frugiperda in twelve rice genotypes. The genotype Miúdo Branco showed antixenosis to S. frugiperda, whereas the genotypes IR 64 and Bacaba Branco showed antibiosis to S. frugiperda by affecting insect development and prolonging insect life cycle. Insects that fed on Bacaba Branco genotype demonstrated the lowest nutritional indices. Since Miúdo Branco, IR 64 and Bacaba Branco showed moderate resistance, rice producers could use these genotypes as part of a control strategy for S. frugiperda.

Resumo Introdução Indivíduos com pré-diabetes apresentam níveis glicêmicos alterados, geralmente são assintomáticos e apresentam risco aumentado para desenvolver diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Objetivo Identificar a prevalência de indivíduos periodontais com hiperglicemia não diagnosticada e os fatores de impacto associados. Material e método Cinquenta e seis pacientes com periodontite e sem autorrelato de diabetes, usuários de serviços de clínica odontológica da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora foram incluídos nesta pesquisa, durante um ano e meio de avaliação experimental. Foram avaliados dados socioeconômicos e demográficos, padrões antropométricos, glicemia capilar de jejum e exame periodontal completo (seis sítios por dente). Resultado A amostra foi composta por 58,9% do sexo feminino, média de idade de 53 anos, 58,9% obesidade / sobrepeso e 45,3% com baixa escolaridade. Um total de 28,6% (n=16) participantes tinham hiperglicemia não diagnosticada (entre 100 a 160 mm / dL), dos quais 81,3% eram obesos / com sobrepeso, 25% eram fumantes, 56,3% relataram ter histórico de diabetes na família, 93,8% tinham renda familiar de até 2 salários mínimos brasileiros. Os valores de IMC foram maiores no grupo de pacientes com hiperglicemia (29,8 ± 5,7, p = 0,03) em comparação ao grupo sem hiperglicemia (26,6 ± 5,6). Pacientes com hiperglicemia apresentaram maior número de sítios com perda clínica de inserção (CAL) entre 4 e 6 mm (p = 0,04) quando comparados ao grupo normoglicêmico. Conclusão A perda de inserção de CAL não diagnosticada entre 4 e 6 mm devido à periodontite do que indivíduos normoglicêmicos.

Abstract Introduction Individuals with pre-diabetes have altered glycemic levels, are generally asymptomatic, and are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective Identify the prevalence of periodontal individuals with undiagnosed hyperglycemia and associated impact factors. Material and method Fifty-six patients with periodontitis and without diabetes self-report, users of dental clinic services at Federal University of Juiz de Fora were included in this research, during one year and a half of experimental evaluation. Socioeconomic and demographic data, anthropometric patterns, fasting capillary blood glucose, and complete periodontal examination (six sites per tooth) were evaluated. Result The sample consisted of 58.9% female, mean age 53 years old, 58.9% obese/overweight and 45.3% had a low level of education. A total of 28.6% (n=16) participants had undiagnosed hyperglycemia (between 100 to 160 mm / dL), of which 81.3% were obese/overweight, 25% were smokers, 56.3% reported having a history of diabetes in the family, 93.8% had a family income up to 2 brazilian´s minimum wages. BMI values were higher in the group of patients with hyperglycemia (29.8 ± 5.7, p = 0.03) compared to the group without hyperglycemia (26.6 ± 5.6). Patients with hyperglycemia had a greater number of sites with clinical attachment loss (CAL) between 4 and 6 mm (p = 0.04) when compared with the normoglycemic group. Conclusion Undiagnosed CAL attachment loss between 4 and 6 mm due to periodontitis than normoglycemic individuals.

ABSTRACT The somatotropic axis is the main hormonal regulator of growth. Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are the key components of the somatotropic axis. This axis has been studied for a long time and the knowledge of how some molecules could promote or impair hormones production and action has been growing over the last decade. The enhancement of large-scale sequencing techniques has expanded the spectrum of known genes and several other candidate genes that could affect the GH-IGF1-bone pathway. To date, defects in more than forty genes were associated with an impairment of the somatotropic axis. These defects can affect from the secretion of GH to the bioavailability and action of IGF-1. Affected patients present a large heterogeneous group of conditions associated with growth retardation. In this review, we focus on the description of the GH-IGF axis genetic defects reported in the last decade. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2019;63(6):608-17

Abstract This research aims to offer theoretical and empirical elements that contribute to the debate about independent candidates. The central argument is that although these types of nominations may be necessary for democratization in Mexico, the design of the electoral system continues to favour political parties. Based on the analysis of the 2014-2015 electoral process, this essay sustains that regulations do not compensate for institutional disadvantages independent candidates experience with respect to political parties. This essay examines regulations controlling access to the ballot and public funds. The study employs aggregated data, including nominations and final figures on federal and local councils, governorships and municipal presidencies. A descriptive method was followed with data collection from official sources and electoral archives.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer elementos teóricos y empíricos que permitan contribuir al debate sobre las candidaturas independientes. El argumento central es que, si bien estas candidaturas podrían ser necesarias en el marco de democratización del país, el diseño del sistema electoral continúa favoreciendo a los partidos políticos. A partir de la evaluación de los resultados del proceso electoral 2014-2015, se señala que las normativas no compensan las desventajas institucionales de las candidaturas independientes respecto de los partidos políticos. Se examinan las normativas que regulan el acceso a la boleta electoral y a fondos públicos. El estudio se basa en datos agregados, incluyendo candidaturas y datos finales de diputaciones federales y locales, gubernaturas y presidencias municipales. Se siguió un método descriptivo con recolección de datos a través de fuentes oficiales y archivos electorales.

ABSTRACT The first description of patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiencies (CPHD) caused by PROP1 mutations was made 20 years ago. Here we updated the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with PROP1 mutations and summarized the phenotypes of 14 patients with 7 different pathogenic PROP1 mutations followed at the Hospital das Clínicas of the University of Sao Paulo. In addition to deficiencies in GH, TSH, PRL and gonadotropins some patients develop late ACTH deficiency. Therefore, patients with PROP1 mutations require permanent surveillance. On magnetic resonance imaging, the pituitary stalk is normal, and the posterior lobe is in the normal position. The anterior lobe in patients with PROP1 mutations is usually hypoplastic but may be normal or even enlarged. Bi-allelic PROP1 mutations are currently the most frequently recognized genetic cause of CPHD worldwide. PROP1 defects occur more frequently among offspring of consanguineous parents and familial cases, but they also occur in sporadic cases, especially in countries in which the prevalence of PROP1 mutations is relatively high. We classified all reported PROP1 variants described to date according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG-AMP) guidelines: 29 were pathogenic, 2 were likely pathogenic, and 2 were of unknown significance. An expansion of the phenotype of patients with PROP1 mutations was observed since the first description 20 years ago: variable anterior pituitary size, different pathogenic mutations, and late development of ACTH deficiency. PROP1 mutations are the most common cause of autosomal recessive CPHD with a topic posterior pituitary lobe. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2019;63(2):167-74

SUMMARY Isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) is the most common pituitary hormone deficiency and, clinically, patients have delayed bone age. High sequence similarity between CYP21A2 gene and CYP21A1P pseudogene poses difficulties for exome sequencing interpretation. A 7.5 year-old boy born to second-degree cousins presented with severe short stature (height SDS −3.7) and bone age of 6 years. Clonidine and combined pituitary stimulation tests revealed GH deficiency. Pituitary MRI was normal. The patient was successfully treated with rGH. Surprisingly, at 10.8 years, his bone age had advanced to 13 years, but physical exam, LH and testosterone levels remained prepubertal. An ACTH stimulation test disclosed a non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency explaining the bone age advancement and, therefore, treatment with cortisone acetate was added. The genetic diagnosis of a homozygous mutation in GHRHR (p.Leu144His), a homozygous CYP21A2 mutation (p.Val282Leu) and CYP21A1P pseudogene duplication was established by Sanger sequencing, MLPA and whole-exome sequencing. We report the unusual clinical presentation of a patient born to consanguineous parents with two recessive endocrine diseases: non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia modifying the classical GH deficiency phenotype. We used a method of paired read mapping aided by neighbouring mis-matches to overcome the challenges of exome-sequencing in the presence of a pseudogene.

Resumen Contexto: La limitación de recursos en las organizaciones a la hora de realizar los despachos de producto terminado, desde los centros de producción hacia las zonas de consumo, hace que sea importante definir con claridad las prioridades, de manera que dichos recursos puedan utilizarse eficientemente y garanticen los más altos niveles de satisfacción a los clientes. Método: En este sentido, se ha desarrollado una propuesta para priorizar los despachos de producto terminado desde un centro de distribución hacia n bodegas que involucra las herramientas multicriterio AHP difuso y Topsis. La propuesta permite definir una serie de criterios a considerar a la hora de realizar los despachos y, mediante la herramienta AHP difuso, ponderar dichos criterios dado que no todos tienen la misma importancia a la hora de tomar la decisión. Por otro lado y considerando que cada punto de destino posee unos valores diferentes de dichos indicadores se utiliza el Topsis para generar un ranking que permita establecer la prioridad a la hora de los despachos. Resultado: La metodología propuesta ha sido aplicada en un caso de estudio y se ha encontrado que permite realizar la priorización de los despachos de manera que las bodegas más importantes, según el conjunto de criterios establecidos, son las primeras que deben ser atendidas. Conclusiones: Esta metodología puede ser replicable a cualquier organización siempre y cuando se cuente con las personas involucradas y la claridad frente a los objetivos organizacionales de la compañía.

Abstract Context: The organizations present a limitation in resources when making finished product shipments from the product centers to the areas of consumption. This limitation makes it important to clearly define priorities so that those resources can be used efficiently and ensure high levels of customer satisfaction. Method: We developed a proposal to prioritize the shipments of finished product from a distribution center to n warehouses. It involves the fuzy AHP and Topsis multi-criteria tools. The Fuzzy AHP tool allows defining a series of important criteria when making the dispatches. Additionally, it allows weighing these criteria since not all have the same importance when making the decision. Finally, we used Topsis to generate a ranking that allows us to establish the priority of dispatches, considering that each destination warehouse has different values for those criteria. Results: The proposed methodology was applied to a case study. We found that it prioritizes the dispatches so that the most important warehouses, according to the set of established criteria, are the first to be met. Conclusions: The proposed methodology can be replicated in different contexts and for any organization as long as there are people involved and the objectives of the of the company are clear.

Literature on women's political participation has questioned the meaning of representation and has been concerned with identifying what controls women access to political posts. Some explanations focus on the offer and suggest a general lack of interest and/or capacity limiting women's participation. Others analyse the effects of demand, and consider the composition of the political organizations. Based on this background, this article explores women participation inside and outside political parties and in activities that can indirectly result in political participation. The weight of women's participation in the parties' governing bodies is analysed, questioning whether their marginal participation explains their low presence in elected office. Data from twelve Mexican states, between 1998 and 2012 are used, including sources such as, the National Survey on Political Culture and Citizen Practices, the Federal Electoral Institute, and the National Survey on Discrimination. Original data on local councils and assemblies and the National Executive Committees are also included. It is concluded that men and women participation is similar and the lack of involvement is not related with gender. However, this study does establish the presence of restrictive practices against women, promoting the access of men to political cadres.

La literatura sobre participación política de las mujeres ha cuestionado el significado de la representación y se ha preocupado por discernir las causas que controlan su acceso a los cargos políticos. Algunas explicaciones se basan en la oferta y sugieren una falta general de interés y/o capacidades que limitan la participación de las mujeres. Otras analizan los efectos de la demanda y estudian la composición de las organizaciones políticas. A partir de estas ideas, el artículo examina la participación de las mujeres dentro y fuera de los partidos y en actividades que pueden resultar indirectamente en participación política. Se investiga la importancia de la participación de las mujeres en los órganos directivos de los partidos, cuestionando si la presencia marginal explica la baja presencia de mujeres en puestos de elección popular. Se utilizan datos de doce estados mexicanos entre 1998 y 2012, incluyendo fuentes como la Encuesta Nacional sobre Cultura Política y Prácticas Ciudadana, el Instituto Federal Electoral y la Encuesta Nacional sobre Discriminación. También se incluyen datos originales sobre los Consejos y Asambleas Estatales y los Comités Ejecutivos Nacionales. Se concluye que la participación de hombres y mujeres es similar y que la falta de participación no reconoce géneros. No obstante, se demuestra la existencia de prácticas restrictivas hacia la mujer que fomentan la incorporación de hombres a los cuadros políticos.

The present study investigated the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment (SRP) on the composition of the subgingival microbiota of chronic periodontitis (CP) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (DM2) with inadequate metabolic control and in systemically healthy (SH) individuals. Forty individuals (20 DM2 and 20 SH) with CP underwent full-mouth periodontal examination. Subgingival plaque was sampled from 4 deep sites of each individual and tested for mean prevalence and counts of 45 bacterial taxa by the checkerboard method. Clinical and microbiological assessments were performed before and 3 months after SRP. At baseline, those in the DM2 group presented a significantly higher percentage of sites with visible plaque and bleeding on probing compared with those in the SH group (p < 0.01). Those in the DM2 group presented significantly higher levels of C. rectus and P. gingivalis, and lower prevalence of P. micra and S. anginosus, compared with those in the SH group (p ≤ 0.001). At the 3-month visit, both groups showed a significant improvement in all clinical parameters (p < 0.01). Those in the DM2 group showed significantly higher prevalence and/or levels of A. gerencseriae, A. naeslundii I, A. oris, A. odontolyticus, C. sputigena, F. periodonticum, and G. morbillorum compared with those in the SH group (p ≤ 0.001). However, those in the DM2 group showed a significant reduction in the levels of P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola (p ≤ 0.001) over time. Those in the SRP group showed improved periodontal status and reduced levels of putative periodontal pathogens at 3 months’ evaluation compared with those in the DM2 group with inadequate metabolic control.

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: O componente de participação da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) foi apontado como o mais complexo de ser caracterizado a partir de instrumentos já existentes. Atualmente, indica-se o uso de questionários de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) para avaliação da participação após acidente vascular encefálico (AVE), sendo indicado o Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) e o Stroke Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL). No entanto, QVRS e participação são construtos distintos, assim, não está claro se esses instrumentos são os mais adequados para essa avaliação. OBJETIVO: Investigar se o NHP e SS-QOL são apropriados para avaliação do componente de participação da CIF. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal com amostra de 35 indivíduos nos quais foram aplicados o SS-QOL e o NHP com intuito de correlacionar o escore total dos questionários com o escore dos itens que avaliam os códigos do componente de participação da CIF utilizando o Coeficiente de Correlação Spearman (r). RESULTADOS: Houve correlação estatisticamente significante, positiva e de forte magnitude entre o escore total do SS-QOL e do NHP com os escores específicos do componente de participação, (r=0,8; p=0,001) e (r=0,9; p=0,001), respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: Tanto o NHP quanto o SS-QOL apresentaram correlação forte entre o escore total e o escore dos itens que avaliam as categorias de participação da CIF. No entanto, o SS-QOL pareceu ser o questionário mais completo para essa avaliação por avaliar mais domínios distintos e apresentar o maior número de itens relacionados à participação.

BACKGROUND: According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), the participation component is considered to be the most complex component characterized in existing instruments that assess quality of life related to health (HRQoL). Questionnaires such as the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL) are currently used to evaluate the participation of individuals in life activities after stroke. However, because participation and HRQoL are different constructs, it is unclear whether these instruments are best suited to this evaluation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the NHP and SS-QOL are suitable instruments for assessing the participation component of ICF. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which a sample of 35 individuals completed the SS-QOL and NHP. The study correlated the total score on the questionnaires with the scores on items that evaluate the participation component of the ICF. Both analyses used the Spearman correlation coefficient (r). RESULTS: There was a statistically significant, positive and strong correlation between total score on the SS-QOL and NHP and the score on specific components related to participation (r=0.8, p=0.001 and r=0.9, p=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Both the NHP and the SS-QOL show strong correlations between the total score and the score on items that assess the participation categories of the ICF. However, the SS-QOL questionnaire appeared to be the most complete for this assessment because it evaluates more distinct domains and contains the largest number of items related to participation.

The analysis of state democratization includes recent studies of the methods by which political parties are selected, and their possible effect on the political participation of women. Considering the renewal of Mexican federalism, which took place since the dismantling of the presidential regime at the end of the 1990s, this article brings together issues of decentralization and party nomination processes, as well as "selectorate agencies" and the formal institutions that limit them in order to question the effect of the combined presence of these factors on women's political participation patterns. The article analyzes local election data from twelve states in Mexico, focusing on the period 1998 to 2012. The evidence reveals that in the case of Mexico, decentralization has had no effect on nominations made by a relative majority. Furthermore, it suggests that centralization in decision-making is an important factor in achieving the nomination of more women based on the principle of proportional representation.

Los métodos de selección dentro de los partidos políticos comienzan a ser estudiados como parte del análisis sobre democratización estatal. Ello a su vez conlleva a cuestionar los posibles efectos que estos puedan tener sobre la participación política de la mujer. Tomando en consideración el renovado federalismo Mexicano a partir del desmantelamiento del régimen presidencial de finales de los 90s, este artículo reúne temas de descentralización y los procesos de nominación en los partidos, así como las denominadas selectorate agencies, para cuestionar los efectos de esta combinación en la participación política de las mujeres. Para ello, el artículo utiliza datos de elecciones locales en doce Estados en México, centrándose en el período de 1998 a 2012. La evidencia demuestra que en el caso Mexicano, la descentralización no ha tenido ningún efecto en las nominaciones por mayoría relativa. Más aún, sugiere que la centralización de la toma de decisiones es importante para la nominación de más mujeres por el principio de representación proporcional.